Fiber optic connectors types

Fiber optic connectors according to the different transmission media can be divided into common silicon-based optical fiber single-mode and multimode connectors, as well as other issues such as plastic and as the transmission medium of optical fiber connector; connector structure can be divided into: FC SC, ST, LC, D4, DIN, MU, the MT and so on in various forms.The optical interface is the physical interface used to connect fiber optic cable.

1) FC fiber optic connector
This connection was first developed by NTT. FC is abbreviation of Ferrule Connector. Its external strengthen is metal sleeve, fastening by the turnbuckle. The earliest, FC type connectors were used in ceramic pin docking port. Such connector structure is simple, easy to operate, easy production. However, the fiber end face is more sensitive to dust, and prone to Fresnel reflection, is more difficult to improve return loss performance. Later, this type of connector have some improvements: using the butt end leaving spherical pin (PC), while the external structure is not changed, making the insertion loss and return loss performance has been dramatically increased.
(2) SC fiber optic connectors
This is also developed by Japan's NTT fiber optic connectors. The shell is rectangular, used in the structure of the pin and coupling sleeve size, exactly same with the FC type. Pins of end use of the PC or APC polishing; fastening method is using of the plug pin latch without rotation. Such connectors are inexpensive, easy to operate, plug, involved in the loss volatility, higher compressive strength and high density mounting.
ST and SC connector are two types of fiber optic connectors. For 10Base-F connection, the connector is usually ST type ;For 100Base-FX usually IS SC type connector. The core of the ST connector exposed and the SC’core is inside of the connector.
(3) the biconical connector
The most representative products in the fiber optic connectors category, developed by the U.S. Bell Labs, it was composed by the two ends of precision molding forming truncated conical cylinder plug and an in-house is equipped with dual cone-shaped plastic sleeve tube coupling components.

(4) DIN47256 optical fiber connector
This is a German-developed connector. This connection uses the structure of the pin and coupling sleeve size same with FC.PC polishing end processing. Compared with FC connector, its structure is more complex, the internal metal structure with spring to control the pressure to avoid docking excessive pressure damage face. In addition, this connector with high mechanical precision, and thus less involved in the value loss.

(5) MT-RJ connector
MT-RJ, MT started in the development of NTT connectors with the same RJ-45 LAN power connector latch body, align the optical fiber installed in a small casing on both sides of the guide pin, a letter for easy and light transceiver The machine is connected to the connector end fiber for dual-core (intervals 0.75mm) arranged in the design, is used mainly for data transmission, the next generation of high-density fiber optic connectors.

(6) LC-type connector
LC-type connector is made of the famous Bell Institute of Research and Development, and easy to operate modular jack (RJ) latch mechanism. Their use of pin and sleeve size is half of the ordinary, SC, FC and the size is 1.25mm. This can increase the density of fiber optic connector in fiber optic patch panel. In single-mode SFF, LC type connector actually have occupied a dominant position, and the application of multimode have rapid growth.

(7) Type MU connector
MU (Miniature unit Coupling) connector is based on the currently most used SC connector. It is world's smallest single-core optical fiber connector developed by NTT. The connector with 1.25mm diameter casing and self-sustaining institutions, its advantage lies in its ability to achieve high-density mounting. MU's l.25mm diameter casing, NTT has developed the MU connector family. They have a socket-type connector for fiber optic cables (MU-series); from the backplane connector (MU-B series) and maintain institutions for simplified connection of LD / PD module and plug socket (MU-SR Series) and so on. With the rapid development of fiber-optic network to the greater capacity and greater bandwidth of the direction of and DWDM technology widely used ,MU connector demand will grow rapidly.

What is fiber optic connectors

The fiber optic connectors is the removable (active) device connected between the fiber optical cables, make the two optical fiber end face precision to dock, so that the output  light energy of transmitter optical cable can be maximize coupling to the receiving fiber optic cable. And make sure its impact can be minimized  because of its involvement in the optical link system , which is the basic requirements for fiber optic connectors. To a certain extent, fiber optic connectors also affected the reliability and the performance of fiber optical transmission systems.

Fiber optic connector according to the different  transmission media can be divided into common silicon-based optical fiber single-mode and multimode connectors, as well as other issues such as plastic and as the transmission medium of optical fiber connector; connector structure can be divided into: FC,SC, ST, LC, D4, DIN, MU, the MT and so on . The ST connector is usually used to the end of wiring devices, such as fiber optic patch panels, optical transceiver; SC and MT connector typically used for network equipment side. Fiber end shape in the FC, PC (including SPC or UPC) and APC; divided by the number of the fiber core as well as single and multi-core(such as MT-RJ) points. Fiber optic connectors are widely used variety. In practical applications, we generally in accordance with the different structure of the fiber optic connector to be distinguished.

Gigabit fiber optic transceiver module GBIC SFP technical specifications

1, What is GBIC?

GBIC is the abbreviation of the Giga Bitrate Interface Converter is a gigabit electrical signal is converted to optical signal interface device. The GBIC design for hot swap. GBIC is interchangeable products meet international standards. Gigabit switch with GBIC interface design interchangeable flexible to account for a large market share in the market.

2 What is SFP?

SFP is an abbreviation of the SMALL FORM PLUGGABLE, can be simply understood as the upgrade version of GBIC. SFP module volume ratio of the GBIC module is reduced by half, more than double the number of ports can be configured in the same panel. Other features of the SFP modules and GBIC. Some switch vendors said the SFP module as small form-GBIC (MINI-GBICs). SFP module volume ratio of the GBIC module is reduced by half, more than double the number of ports can be configured in the same panel. Other features of the SFP modules and GBIC.

3, the optical fiber in which several?

Fiber into a multimode fiber and singlemode fiber in two ways: multi-mode fiber light-emitting device is relatively cheap and the construction of simple features, widely used in short distance communication, multi-mode fiber is divided into 50um core diameter and 62.5um core diameter of two types, which 62.5um more common, but the performance of 50um. The company GBIC-SX multi-mode products are suitable for both multi-mode fiber transmission distance of 550 m, (50um optical fiber) and 330 m (in 62.5um fiber).

Single-mode fiber is generally used for long-distance communication core diameter 9um, my single-mode GBIC products in single-mode fiber transmission distance of 10 km, 20 km, 70 km, 120 km. General switch vendors in single-mode, only 10 km and 70 km in two models, the 20 km product can effectively save a specific network of system integrators, the overall cost of the program. 120 km for long operating environment.
Gigabit fiber GBIC SFP technical specifications

Gigabit Interface Converter (GBIC) is a hot-swappable input / output devices, the device is plugged into Gigabit Ethernet port / slot, and is responsible for the port with the fiber-optic network to connect together.GBIC can be used in a variety of Cisco products (see Table 2) and interchangeable, and can mix and follow the IEEE 802.3z 1000BaseSX 1000 BaseLX or 1000BaseZX interface, per-port basis. Furthermore, Cisco is providing a full compliance with the IEEE 802.3z 1000BaseLX standard 1000BaseLX/LH interface, but in single-mode fiber transmission distance of up to 10 kilometers far 5 km than the average 1000BaseLX interfaces. In short, with the continuous development of new features, these modules to upgrade to the latest interface technology will be easier, so that customers’ investments to achieve maximum efficiency. Figure 1 shows the a-GBIC.

In general, the different products with the GBIC module port cabling specifications are different, whether it is the wiring type or the wiring distance

1: Use only the multimode fiber.

2: the need for mode, adjust the patch cord (CAB-GELX-625 or equivalent). Multimode fiber using the general line of the patch, 1000 BaseLX-GBIC and short link distance (tens of meters) will result in sending and receiving end of saturation, resulting in improve the bit error rate (BER). In addition, the LX / LH-GBIC with 62.5-micron multimode fiber is used in conjunction with a model, you must send and receive at both ends of the link between the GBIC and multimode fiber installation to adjust the repair line. Link distances over 984 feet (300 meters), but also requires the mode to adjust the repair line.

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cisco sfp+ transceiver series

cisco sfp+ transceiver  info: SFP+ transceiver that support 10 g Ethernet.

Cisco SFP-10G-LR 

The cisco SFP-10G-LR Compatible for 10GBase-LR SFP+ Transceiver Module.It supports a link length of  10 km on standard single-mode fiber (SMF, G.652)The Interfaces is 1 x LC Duplex Connector 10GBase-LR .

Cisco SFP-10G-SR

Cisco SFP-10G-SR Compatible 10GBase-SR SFP+ Transceiver Module. SFP-10G-SR supports a link length of 26m on standard Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI)-grade multimode fiber (MMF). Using 2000MHz*km MMF (OM3), up to 300m link lengths are possible. Using 4700MHz*km MMF (OM4), up to 400m link lengths are possible.

Cisco SFP-10G-ER 

Cisco SFP-10G-ER Compatible 10GBase-ER SFP+ Transceiver Module. SFP-10G-ER supports a link length of up to 40 km on standard single-mode fiber (SMF, G.652).It is Plug-in Module .

Cisco SFP-10G-ZR

 Cisco SFP-10G-ZR Compatible 10GBase-ZR SFP+ Transceiver Module. SFP-10G-ZR supports link lengths of up to about 80 kilometers on standard single-mode fiber (SMF, G.652). This interface is not specified as part of the 10 Gigabit Ethernet standard and is instead built according to Cisco specifications.

The optical transceiver for linear fiber optical network

A dispersion tolerant oc-192 optical transceiver includes the circuitry for implementing the method of reducing optical signal dispcrsion in a high data rate data stream that travels on an optical fiber communications system.The circuitry includes circuitry for partitioning the high data rate data stream into a plurality of lower data rate data strcams.The fiber optic tranesceiver transmits the plurality of lower data rate data streams along an associated one of a plurality oa separate wavelcngth channels.a wavelength division multiplcxing circuit ,multiplcxcs cach of the lower data rate data streams on the plurality of sxparate wavelength channels into a single optical fiber assembly to form a multiplexed signal.The wavelength division multiplexing circuit further transmits the multiplerxed lower data rate signal along the single optical fiber assembly.

The invention ralatesto a single component transceiver device for  linear fiber optical network.the transceiber allows both reception and transmission of light information from and onto a linear data line comprised of a single optical fiber.

The advantage of fiber optic transceiver

The main advantage of current optical transceiver is high-speed.

Today,people’s requirements for amount of information get more and more,and requirements for the information transferrate rate get more faster. The optical communication network, as the main pillars of Modern information exchange, processing and transmission, has continued develope to ultrahigh frequency, ultra high-speed and large capacity . Because the higher the transmission rate, the greater information capacity, the cost to send each information is getting smaller and smaller.

The current hot spots of the long-distance high-capacity  is 10Gbit / s and40Gbit / s, according to the ElectroniCast research   the total global consumption of 10 Gbit / s data communication transceivers  increased  to 90 million dollars in 2010 from $ 1.57 million dollars in 2001. In early 2001, the number of 10Gbit / s data communication transceivers of less than 100,000, but by 2003, 10 Gbit / s data communication transceivers increased to 2 million. In the next few years remained  fierce growth in 2005 reached 7 million. Throughout the areas of consumer, following the 10-gigabit Fibre Channel, 10-gigabit Ethernet will have a strong impact. SDH single-channel optical system forward 40Gbit / s improve.In High-speed systems and devices, many companies this year launched a 40Gbit / s system.40Gbit / s key products are: high-power tunable / fixed laser, 40Gmodulator (Inp EAM, LiNbO3EOM, Polymer EOM), high-speed circuit (InP, of GeSi material), wavelength locker, low-dispersion filter, dynamice qualizer, the Raman amplifier, low-dispersion switch 40Gbit/sPD (PIN, APD), tunable dispersion compensation component (TU-DCM), prior to the Corrections (FEC).

From this stage circuit technology for 100Gbit/s,have  close to the limits of the "electronic bottleneck". The higher rate of signal loss caused by power dissipation, electromagnetic radiation (interference), and impedance matching problem will be difficult to solve, even if can be resolved, that have to spend a very large price.

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